Second citizenship: more options for your life.

CBI has no multi-year prior-residence period. Under regulation 21(5), notification of approval in principle, refusal or a reasoned delay follows within 120–180 days of acknowledgement of receipt. Payment, citizenship documentation, biometrics and the passport are separate subsequent steps; this is not a total passport timeline.

CBI does not require several years of prior residence; applications go through an authorised representative. A reliable current decision and passport-delivery timeline has not been established; no month-based guarantee is given.

The CBIU indicates at least three months to approval in principle. Preparation, payment, the naturalisation certificate and passport are separate stages; no fixed total passport timeline is established.

The IMA FAQ mentions 60 working days subject to checks and payment, followed by a passport application. Visible legacy content means this is not a reliable empirical total for 2026 or a guarantee.

CBI has no multi-year prior-residence period. The FAQ mentions about 90 days after acceptance but also contains superseded fees. It is therefore not a verified current total timeline; passport issuance and the 2026 biometrics are separate steps.

DSP is an established investment route, but a current officially verified total timeline to citizenship and passport is missing. The older passport FAQ referring to 2010/2015 is not used as a delivery guarantee for 2026.

GoForGold advertises 90 days; this is not an officially confirmed decision or passport timeline. Ordinary naturalisation and the claimed fast track are different. The current special legal basis and operational state authorisation have not been established.

The central programme indicates about two months to a decision and a further three to four months to the passport, totalling five to six months. This is a published estimate, not a statutory guarantee; older two-month total claims are outdated.

The constitution requires at least three years of settlement. The Supreme Court procedure requires three years from the permanent-admission resolution before applying. The preceding residence route, court decision and passport issuance are additional stages; no total passport timeline is established.

DNM publishes two years of legal residence without leaving the country before an ordinary application. In YL, CNE 8843/2023/CA1 of 30 June 2026, the court declared DNU 366/2025 null in proceedings begun before the decree; its reasoning and notifications go beyond a merely transitional issue. Appeal status, finality and general implementation remain unresolved. For CBI, 30 working days run only after DNM receives the agency report, not from application to passport.

Main applicant aged 18 or over; spouse; minor children; the current CIU page lists children aged 18–30 subject to education and support conditions, certain children with disabilities and supported parents aged 55 or over. The family example with children aged 10 and 14 is generally covered. Nationality, criminal-record, security and other exclusions still apply.

A spouse, financially dependent children up to 30, certain children with disabilities, dependent parents or grandparents aged 55 or over, and unmarried siblings may qualify. The family example with children aged 10 and 14 is generally possible; individual exclusions still apply.

Spouse; children under 18; children aged 18–30 in full-time education and financially supported; special categories including unmarried daughters under 25 and children with disabilities; supported parents/grandparents over 65. The example with children aged 10 and 14 generally qualifies.

Spouses, dependent children, parents/grandparents and certain siblings may qualify. The fee table covers the example with children aged 10 and 14. The general FAQ does not establish all age and support requirements for adult dependants.

Act 22/2025 includes a spouse; children up to 21, or up to 30 if fully supported; children/parents with disabilities; dependent parents over 55; and unmarried siblings under 18 with consent. The family example with children aged 10 and 14 generally qualifies.

The DSP tariff distinguishes an individual, a married couple, and a couple with one or two children. The family-of-four price model uses minor children aged 10 and 14. Complete current rules for adult children, parents and dependency remain unresolved.

The private offer lists a spouse, minor children, parents/grandparents and special relatives. Official family-CBI eligibility is unconfirmed; family-of-four costs are solely the provider's calculation.

Programme FAQ: spouse/de facto partner, children up to 30 and parents from 55. A consular notice dated 21 September 2026 reports suspension of certificates/passports for children aged 18–30 and parents from 55 pending legal change. No express lifting was found; children aged 10 and 14 are outside that affected age group.

There is no CBI family package. Each family member's residence and later naturalisation remain separate. Adults must satisfy the requirements themselves; children's nationality by birth or descent follows article 146.

Ordinary naturalisation is assessed per person. The CBI announcement lists an additional USD 100,000 for a spouse, USD 100,000 for unmarried childless dependants aged 18–25, and USD 25,000 for minors. The family-of-four calculation is announced only; operational eligibility is unconfirmed.

The CIU states that CBI carries no general residence requirement. Mandatory biometric enrolment is separate and need not take place exclusively in St. Kitts.

The CIU requires at least five days in the country during the first five calendar years. Non-compliance can lead to loss or non-renewal. This is not a full-time residence requirement.

The CBIU requires no residence before, during or after the CBI application. An actual move has separate tax consequences.

The IMA FAQ requires no visit before, during or after CBI. This does not establish tax residence or waive individual identity checks.

No multi-year prior-residence requirement is established for CBI. This does not mean a fully remote process: the biometrics introduced in 2026 and specific appointments still need to be arranged.

DSP must be distinguished from ordinary long-term naturalisation. The official sources reviewed do not establish that no visit is required at any stage.

The claimed fast-track exemption from residence is not officially confirmed. Ordinary legislation contains residence and integration requirements; it does not establish an exception created by payment.

The programme FAQ states there is no residence or minimum-stay requirement. Individual identity checks remain possible; this does not establish tax residence.

Actual settlement, regular activity and good conduct must be evidenced. There is no official rule that one visit a year is sufficient. Article 150 makes unjustified absence exceeding three years a ground for judicially determined loss of nationality for naturalised citizens.

The current DNM page requires two years of legal residence without leaving the country. The documented court conflict prevents an unqualified statement that this rule is settled. The statutory investment route removes the previous minimum residence period but does not prove exemption from all appointments or visits.

The main applicant is interviewed; others aged 16 or over may be required to attend. New applications since 14 April 2026 require biometrics after approval in principle at approved centres, including St. Kitts, London or Dubai. The transition deadline for older CBI passports is 31 July 2027.

Apply through an authorised agent. Additional evidence and an interview may be requested. The oath and passport are separate steps. Current interview and biometric requirements, appointment locations and interview fees have not been fully established.

A virtual interview is mandatory for applicants aged 16 or over; additional checks are possible. The passport is issued only after citizenship is granted.

Online interview: published fee USD 1,000 for persons aged 17 or over, also covering certain non-applicant spouses or sponsors. A fingerprint form is part of the file; the acceptable collection location must be established for the case.

The main applicant undergoes a paid interview/identity check. SI 57/2026 requires biometrics for successful applicants. The complete list of appointment locations, implementation details and biometric fees has not been established.

Citizenship and passport procedures remain separate. Current DSP biometric/interview obligations, overseas locations and costs have not been fully established.

State passport procedures and identity checks exist. The provider's offer does not establish freely selectable appointment locations or exemption from personal enrolment. The fast-track process remains officially unresolved.

The programme describes applications through agents. Complete current interview/biometric requirements and approved appointment locations have not been established; entirely travel-free processing is not promised.

The Supreme Court requires the applicant to appear personally to sign the declaration, together with a lawyer's written submission. Identity and passport procedures are separate. Fully remote naturalisation is not established.

The ordinary administrative route uses RaDEX, an in-person component and a DNI. Definitively verified interview, biometric and appointment-location rules for the announced investment route are missing; it is not presented as an entirely remote product.

157 destinations in the Henley Passport Index, retrieved 27 October 2026. The same method counts visa-free, visa-on-arrival and ETA access, including territories; pre-approved eVisas are excluded. This is not a count of sovereign states or a right to live or work there.

154 destinations in the Henley Passport Index, retrieved 27 October 2026. The same method counts visa-free, visa-on-arrival and ETA access, including territories; pre-approved eVisas are excluded. This is not a count of sovereign states or a right to live or work there.

144 destinations in the Henley Passport Index, retrieved 27 October 2026. The same method counts visa-free, visa-on-arrival and ETA access, including territories; pre-approved eVisas are excluded. This is not a count of sovereign states or a right to live or work there.

148 destinations in the Henley Passport Index, retrieved 27 October 2026. The same method counts visa-free, visa-on-arrival and ETA access, including territories; pre-approved eVisas are excluded. This is not a count of sovereign states or a right to live or work there.

143 destinations in the Henley Passport Index, retrieved 27 October 2026. The same method counts visa-free, visa-on-arrival and ETA access, including territories; pre-approved eVisas are excluded. This is not a count of sovereign states or a right to live or work there.

85 destinations in the Henley Passport Index, retrieved 27 October 2026. The same method counts visa-free, visa-on-arrival and ETA access, including territories; pre-approved eVisas are excluded. This is not a count of sovereign states or a right to live or work there.

63 destinations in the Henley Passport Index, retrieved 27 October 2026. The same method counts visa-free, visa-on-arrival and ETA access, including territories; pre-approved eVisas are excluded. This is not a count of sovereign states or a right to live or work there.

59 destinations in the Henley Passport Index, retrieved 27 October 2026. The same method counts visa-free, visa-on-arrival and ETA access, including territories; pre-approved eVisas are excluded. This is not a count of sovereign states or a right to live or work there.

144 destinations in the Henley Passport Index, retrieved 27 October 2026. The same method counts visa-free, visa-on-arrival and ETA access, including territories; pre-approved eVisas are excluded. This is not a count of sovereign states or a right to live or work there.

169 destinations in the Henley Passport Index, retrieved 27 October 2026. The same method counts visa-free, visa-on-arrival and ETA access, including territories; pre-approved eVisas are excluded. This is not a count of sovereign states or a right to live or work there.

Ordinary short visits are generally visa-free for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. Entry conditions still apply. This does not grant residence or work rights.

Ordinary short visits are generally visa-free for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. Entry conditions still apply. This does not grant residence or work rights.

Ordinary short visits are generally visa-free for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. Entry conditions still apply. This does not grant residence or work rights.

Ordinary short visits are generally visa-free for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. Entry conditions still apply. This does not grant residence or work rights.

Ordinary short visits are generally visa-free for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. Entry conditions still apply. This does not grant residence or work rights.

A visa is required for ordinary short visits. Holding an additional passport from this country does not remove that Schengen visa requirement.

A visa is required for ordinary short visits. Holding an additional passport from this country does not remove that Schengen visa requirement.

A visa is required for ordinary short visits. Holding an additional passport from this country does not remove that Schengen visa requirement.

Ordinary short visits are generally visa-free for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. Entry conditions still apply. This does not grant residence or work rights.

Ordinary short visits are generally visa-free for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. Entry conditions still apply. This does not grant residence or work rights.

This nationality alone does not qualify for the US Visa Waiver Program or ESTA. An appropriate visa is normally required; admission is not guaranteed.

This nationality alone does not qualify for the US Visa Waiver Program or ESTA. An appropriate visa is normally required; admission is not guaranteed. PP10998 also restricts new issuance of, among others, B1/B2, F, M, J and immigrant visas, subject to its personal and temporal scope and exceptions. Existing valid visas are not revoked solely for this reason. A visa bond may also be required in certain exception cases.

This nationality alone does not qualify for the US Visa Waiver Program or ESTA. An appropriate visa is normally required; admission is not guaranteed. PP10998 also restricts new issuance of, among others, B1/B2, F, M, J and immigrant visas, subject to its personal and temporal scope and exceptions. Existing valid visas are not revoked solely for this reason.

This nationality alone does not qualify for the US Visa Waiver Program or ESTA. An appropriate visa is normally required; admission is not guaranteed.

This nationality alone does not qualify for the US Visa Waiver Program or ESTA. An appropriate visa is normally required; admission is not guaranteed.

This nationality alone does not qualify for the US Visa Waiver Program or ESTA. An appropriate visa is normally required; admission is not guaranteed.

This nationality alone does not qualify for the US Visa Waiver Program or ESTA. An appropriate visa is normally required; admission is not guaranteed. PP10998 provides for a broad suspension of visa issuance, generally affecting people outside the United States without a valid visa on the relevant reference date; exceptions apply. Payment does not provide unrestricted access.

This nationality alone does not qualify for the US Visa Waiver Program or ESTA. An appropriate visa is normally required; admission is not guaranteed.

This nationality alone does not qualify for the US Visa Waiver Program or ESTA. An appropriate visa is normally required; admission is not guaranteed.

This nationality alone does not qualify for the US Visa Waiver Program or ESTA. An appropriate visa is normally required; admission is not guaranteed.

An ETA is generally required before eligible short visits unless an exemption applies. There is no general visa requirement for this type of visit.

An ETA is generally required before eligible short visits unless an exemption applies. There is no general visa requirement for this type of visit.

A UK visa is generally required for ordinary visits.

An ETA is generally required before eligible short visits unless an exemption applies. There is no general visa requirement for this type of visit.

A UK visa is generally required for ordinary visits.

A UK visa is generally required for ordinary visits.

A UK visa is generally required for ordinary visits.

A UK visa is generally required for ordinary visits.

An ETA is generally required before eligible short visits unless an exemption applies. There is no general visa requirement for this type of visit.

An ETA is generally required before eligible short visits unless an exemption applies. There is no general visa requirement for this type of visit.

St. Kitts and Nevis permits multiple nationality. The laws governing existing nationalities and statutory grounds for deprivation must still be considered separately.

The reviewed CBI procedure sources contain no general renunciation requirement. The current consolidated multiple-nationality rule has not been fully established here; compatibility with existing nationalities requires a separate assessment.

The CBIU confirms multiple nationality without a general obligation to renounce existing citizenship. The law of the country of origin must still be considered.

IMA confirms multiple nationality without a general obligation to renounce existing nationalities. Deprivation rules and the law of the country of origin still apply.

The reviewed CBI documents do not require general renunciation. The current consolidated renunciation/loss rule is missing from this review, so unrestricted multiple-nationality advertising is unsupported. Assess the law of the country of origin separately.

The official legal framework confirms recognition of multiple nationality following the 2013/2014 constitutional amendment. Particular rights and obligations of the acquisition category must still be assessed.

The official Nationality Policy describes multiple nationality introduced in 2006. The old ban in the original 1973 Act has been superseded and must not be used in isolation. Restrictions on public office and other individual matters remain.

The programme FAQ presents multiple nationality as possible. Full original consolidation of Law 07/2022 and Decree-Law 07/2025, including any limit on further nationalities, has not been independently established.

Article 149 links multiple nationality to a treaty or constitutionally ranked reciprocity. Article 150 also lists later voluntary acquisition of another nationality as a loss ground for naturalised citizens. Existing nationalities and nationalities acquired later must be considered separately.

Migraciones publishes rules for dual nationals. Multiple nationality is generally possible; document use and the country-of-origin rules remain separate. This does not imply unrestricted later renunciation of any nationality.

Citizenship by descent and later CBI family inclusion are separate routes. A consular application by descent is published; it does not establish automatic transmission through unlimited generations born abroad.

The programme permits later inclusion of children or grandchildren subject to conditions. This does not prove unlimited automatic descent following CBI; the precise parentage and birth chain must be assessed.

Later-born or adopted minor children can be included through the published programme route. This does not establish automatic transmission through unlimited generations born abroad.

Constitution section 97 governs acquisition through birth abroad, subject to parental-status conditions. Parents whose status derives solely from section 97 or section 94(3) are specifically excluded. There is no unlimited automatic chain of generations.

Constitution section 101 governs birth abroad. Parents whose nationality derives solely from that descent provision or section 99(3) are excluded. Do not infer unlimited transmission through generations.

The constitution recognises descent. The exact rules for transmission after DSP/honorary acquisition to children born abroad have not been fully confirmed from legislation here.

Section 8(4) of the 1973 Act provides an application route for children under 21 born abroad after a parent's naturalisation. This is not blanket automatic acquisition; a complete amendments review for the claimed fast track remains unresolved.

Descendants are subject to the applicable nationality or later-inclusion routes. Automatic transmission through every generation born abroad has not been fully established from legislation.

Article 146 generally grants nationality by birth in Paraguay. Children born abroad to a Paraguayan parent are subject to the settlement/declaration conditions in paragraph 3. There is no automatic remote passport for all descendants.

Birth in Argentina generally confers nationality under Law 346. The published option for children born abroad requires a parent who is Argentine by birth or by option. A parent's naturalisation is not equivalent.

The CIU lists later inclusion of newly eligible dependants, generally for USD 30,000. A child born after acquisition and under three years old costs USD 7,500; further fees apply in both cases. Relatives who were originally eligible but omitted cannot generally use this later-inclusion route.

Published later-inclusion fees are generally USD 10,000 for a child aged 0–5, USD 25,000 at 6–17 and USD 50,000 from 18, plus due diligence and passport fees. The particular spouse or grandchild arrangement must separately qualify.

The CBIU describes later inclusion of biological/adopted minor children without a general time limit following acquisition. The complete current fee schedule and rules for later inclusion of a spouse have not been established.

A fully current official later-inclusion rule covering all deadlines, fees and previously existing relatives has not been established. A joint initial application and later inclusion are not equivalent.

Published later-inclusion contributions: newborn up to twelve months, USD 5,000; spouse, USD 35,000; another qualifying dependant, USD 25,000. Further applicable fees are additional.

Later family inclusion and current fees have not been established from official sources. The price for an additional person in the initial application does not prove an unrestricted later-inclusion route.

Later family inclusion under the fast track is not officially established. Private additional-person prices do not create a statutory right to family residence or naturalisation.

Published later-inclusion fees: USD 5,000 submission except for newborns; spouse USD 10,000; another dependant USD 5,000; newborn up to one year USD 500. Further fees and the adult-dependant restriction remain.

Family residence, nationality by descent and naturalisation are distinct routes. There is no general fee-based CBI family add-on.

Family residence, descent and naturalisation need separate assessment. Complete current rules for later family additions to the new investment route have not been established from official sources.

The non-refundable SISC contribution is USD 250,000 for an individual or up to four people. This is not the total price.

The non-refundable NDF contribution is USD 230,000 for an individual or family. Fees are additional.

EDF requires a non-refundable contribution of USD 200,000 for one person or USD 250,000 for up to four people. Fees are additional.

NTF contribution: USD 235,000 for an individual or the specified family of four. Fees are additional.

NEF contribution: USD 240,000 for an applicant with up to three dependants. This is a contribution, not the total price.

DSP: USD 130,000 for an individual; USD 180,000 for a married couple with two children. A USD 5,000 FIU fee is additional in each case. Do not treat this as a repayable investment.

GoForGold publishes USD 140,000 for the main applicant plus USD 5,000 due diligence for up to five people. This is not an officially confirmed minimum contribution or a state-guaranteed repayment route.

NTF: USD 90,000 for one person or USD 95,000 for two to four people. Non-refundable contribution plus submission and document fees.

Ordinary naturalisation has no CBI purchase price. The Investor Pass concerns direct permanent residence: official communications cite USD 150,000 for qualifying tourism or USD 200,000 for securities/property investments. These are not citizenship prices.

Ordinary naturalisation has no CBI purchase price. The ministry's announcement of 2 October 2026 lists a USD 350,000 non-refundable contribution or a USD 800,000 bond for a separate investment route. Operational acceptance of applications and a complete binding tariff remain unconfirmed.

SISC/PBO starts at USD 250,000; PBO has additional fees. An approved project or condominium starts at USD 325,000; a qualifying private single-family home at USD 600,000. Property is normally held for seven years. The purchase is capital at risk, not a guaranteed repayment.

NDF: USD 230,000. Approved property: USD 300,000, held for five years. Business: USD 1.5 million individually or USD 5 million jointly, at least USD 400,000 per investor. UWI at USD 260,000 including processing is a separate family option.

Choose EDF or approved property from USD 200,000. The property holding period is three years; resale to another CBI buyer is allowed only after five years. Additional government fees are USD 75,000 for an individual or USD 100,000 for up to four, plus other fees and property costs.

The NTF contribution is non-refundable. Approved property starts at USD 270,000 for the qualifying shared option, or USD 350,000 as listed in the table, plus a USD 50,000 government contribution. Check the approved project's ownership and holding conditions separately.

NEF: USD 240,000. NAB: USD 300,000, interest-free and held for five years, plus USD 50,000 administration. Project property: USD 300,000; completed property under SI 57/2026: USD 500,000. Enterprise routes: from USD 250,000 for a qualifying option, or USD 3.5 million individually/USD 6 million jointly with USD 1 million per investor. Further fees apply.

Official sources distinguish DSP, CIIP/VCP and other categories. Only DSP is priced in this comparison. Private repayment offers and older Form D tables are not included in this tariff.

The advertised fast-track package is distinct from statutory naturalisation. No current open CBI tariff has been verified in original legislation; no capital repayment is guaranteed.

The documented programme route is a National Transformation Fund contribution. No official property or bond alternative has been confirmed within the reviewed programme; no repayment is promised.

There is a regular residence/naturalisation route and a qualifying-investment route to residence. Capital remains exposed to economic risk. Buying an arbitrary property does not acquire citizenship.

A contribution or government bond has been announced. Maturity, interest, repayment, holding/transfer conditions and fees have not been fully verified from official sources. Buying an arbitrary property is not a confirmed alternative.

Not a complete final price. SISC with the standard biometric tariff. A 10% biometric discount requires both a new booking and enrolment between 20 July and 31 December 2026; it has not been deducted. No VIP service; an ordinary case without additional due diligence is assumed.

Not a complete final price. NDF fee table for one adult; the conflicting business-option column is not used.

Not a complete final price. EDF; children aged 10 and 14 are below the due-diligence/interview threshold of 16. No additional sponsor is assumed.

Known subtotal USD 244,000; alternative USD 245,000. Not a complete final price. The official cost table lists USD 5,000 due diligence per person aged 17 or over; the official FAQ lists USD 6,000. The alternative calculation changes only this item. This is a source conflict, not a market-price range. No external sponsor or non-applicant spouse is assumed.

Not a complete final price. NEF with USD 8,000 main-applicant due diligence under SI 57/2026. Children aged 10 and 14 are under 16. Old FAQ tariffs are discarded; new biometric costs are not fully priced.

Not a complete final price. Published DSP price plus FIU. Government and agent shares are not fully separated. Do not add fees already included; do not mix this with CIIP/CNO or other advertised variants.

Known subtotal USD 145,000; not a complete final price. Only the identified GoForGold fast-track offer is represented. This is not an official tariff, recommendation, universally lowest price or standard agency fee. Other advertised variants are not included.

Not a complete final price. NTF plus submission and a USD 750 document package per applicant under the fund page. The reported restriction for children aged 18–30 and parents from 55 remains; children aged 10 and 14 are outside that age group.

Regular residence and naturalisation route without a CBI purchase price. Procedural and living costs are not zero. Investor Pass capital concerns residence. We price your support according to the agreed scope of services.

Regular route: we price your support according to the agreed scope of services. Separately announced CBI contribution: USD 350,000, not a complete final price. Only the ministerial announcement for the separate CBI contribution route. Operational start and the complete tariff are unconfirmed; the legal conflict around DNU 366/2025 remains. The regular naturalisation route does not carry this contribution and is budgeted individually.

Not a complete final price. SISC with the standard biometric tariff. A 10% biometric discount requires both a new booking and enrolment between 20 July and 31 December 2026; it has not been deducted. No VIP service; an ordinary case without additional due diligence is assumed.

Not a complete final price. NDF fee table. No due-diligence fee applies to the child aged 10; USD 2,000 is included for the child aged 14. The conflicting business-option column is not used.

Not a complete final price. EDF; children aged 10 and 14 are below the due-diligence/interview threshold of 16. No additional sponsor is assumed.

Known subtotal USD 257,000; alternative USD 259,000. Not a complete final price. The official cost table lists USD 5,000 due diligence per person aged 17 or over; the official FAQ lists USD 6,000. The alternative calculation changes only this item. This is a source conflict, not a market-price range. No external sponsor or non-applicant spouse is assumed.

Not a complete final price. NEF with USD 8,000 main-applicant due diligence under SI 57/2026. Children aged 10 and 14 are under 16. Old FAQ tariffs are discarded; new biometric costs are not fully priced.

Not a complete final price. Published DSP price plus FIU. Government and agent shares are not fully separated. Do not add fees already included; do not mix this with CIIP/CNO or other advertised variants.

Known subtotal USD 175,000; not a complete final price. Only the identified GoForGold fast-track offer is represented. This is not an official tariff, recommendation, universally lowest price or standard agency fee. Other advertised variants are not included.

Not a complete final price. NTF plus submission and a USD 750 document package per applicant under the fund page. The reported restriction for children aged 18–30 and parents from 55 remains; children aged 10 and 14 are outside that age group.

Regular residence and naturalisation route without a CBI purchase price. Procedural and living costs are not zero. Investor Pass capital concerns residence. We price your support according to the agreed scope of services.

Regular route: we price your support according to the agreed scope of services. Separately announced CBI contribution: USD 500,000, not a complete final price. Only the ministerial announcement for the separate CBI contribution route. Operational start and the complete tariff are unconfirmed; the legal conflict around DNU 366/2025 remains. The regular naturalisation route does not carry this contribution and is budgeted individually.

Official government information states there is no personal income tax. Corporate, consumption, property and foreign taxes are unaffected.

Personal income tax was abolished in 2016. The tax authority expressly retains Unincorporated Business Tax on self-employment and partnership income. A general tax-free claim for entrepreneurs is therefore unsupported.

The IRD states that tax residents are generally taxed on worldwide income, subject to exemptions and treaties. Non-residents are taxed on Dominica-source income. A blanket foreign-income exemption advertised for CBI does not apply on that basis.

The IRD confirms personal taxation of employment and business income and withholding on certain payments to non-residents. A blanket foreign-income exemption for every individual has not been established from primary law.

The IRD foreign-income exemption guideline concerns qualifying companies and substance requirements. It does not establish a general exemption for private CBI citizens. The full scope of personal foreign-income taxation remains unresolved.

The FIU 2024 risk report confirms the absence of personal income tax. Consumption, rental/business levies and foreign tax obligations remain unaffected.

NRA: residents are generally taxed on worldwide income; non-residents on Sierra Leone-source income. Certain temporary residents are taxed on local-source income plus remitted foreign income. According to NRA, this special category requires absence of Sierra Leone citizenship and domicile.

IRS Code article 35 taxes residents on worldwide income and non-residents on local income. CBI alone does not confer tax exemption. A fully current consolidation of amendments since 2009 remains unresolved.

IRP/IRE follow Paraguayan source rules with statutory extensions. Under article 21, IRE is generally 10% of net profit; distribution taxes and other taxes are separate. A foreign customer or foreign bank account does not automatically make a locally performed service tax-free.

Tax residents are generally taxed on worldwide income; non-residents on Argentine-source income. Law 27802 article 194 only prevents investment citizenship alone from automatically creating tax residence. It does not exempt entrepreneurs who are actually resident.

CBI or a passport alone does not establish tax residence or end an existing residence. A complete current SKN residence test and certificate procedure have not been established from official sources in this review.

Cap. 212 contains alternative residence tests: a permanent home plus presence, 183 days, certain previous/following-year situations and special 30-day/residence-certificate cases. The five CBI visiting days do not automatically establish tax residence.

The IRD procedure information refers to more than 183 consecutive days of presence. It does not conclusively exclude other residence or special tests. CBI without a residence requirement is not proof of tax residence.

The IRD cites more than 183 days for tax residence. This does not exclude other domicile or special connecting factors. CBI alone is insufficient.

The IRD cites a permanent home, 183 days of physical presence and links to the previous/following year. The summary does not justify a single 183-day switch. A passport alone is not evidence of residence.

A complete current tax-residence/CRS certification route has not been established. DSP nationality alone does not prove the centre of a person's tax affairs.

NRA cites an ordinary home plus presence, more than 182 days in the relevant twelve-month period, or certain government employees. Nationality alone does not replace the test; exceptions remain.

Article 36 cites more than 180 days, a home suitable for permanent use at year-end, or the centre of professional/economic interests, plus special cases. This is neither a simple 183-day test nor automatic residence through a passport.

IRP article 49 covers resident Paraguayan and foreign individuals. Cédula, residence permit, RUC registration and proof of tax residence are distinct. A universal 183-day switch has not been officially established in this review.

ARCA includes foreign persons with permanent admission or twelve months of temporary residence, among other grounds. Nationality and loss-of-residence rules also matter. Article 194 preserves other residence triggers, including already-held permanent residence.